Yellow Fever Vaccine
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Description
What is the Yellow Fever Vaccine?
The yellow fever vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine used to protect against yellow fever, a serious viral infection transmitted by infected mosquitoes in parts of Africa and South America. The vaccine contains a weakened form of the yellow fever virus that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies, offering long-lasting protection. Yellow fever can cause severe illness or death, and vaccination is required for travellers to areas where yellow fever is endemic. In addition, some countries may require proof of yellow fever vaccination (a yellow fever certificate) for entry.
How Does the Yellow Fever Vaccine Work?
The yellow fever vaccine works by introducing a weakened form of the virus into the body. This triggers the immune system to develop antibodies against yellow fever without causing the actual disease. Once vaccinated, your body will "remember" how to fight the virus if you are exposed to it in the future. Most people develop immunity within 10 days of receiving the vaccine, and protection usually lasts for life. A single dose is typically sufficient for most people, and the vaccine is recommended for travellers to yellow fever-endemic regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa and South America.
Warnings
- Do not receive the yellow fever vaccine if you are allergic to eggs or any components of the vaccine.
- Avoid the vaccine if you have a weakened immune system due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or if you are taking immune-suppressing medications.
- The vaccine is not recommended for children under 9 months, people over 60 years of age, or pregnant/breastfeeding women unless the risk of infection is high.
- If you have a history of thymus disorder (e.g., thymectomy or myasthenia gravis), avoid the vaccine unless directed by a healthcare professional.
- Side effects are usually mild but may include fever, muscle pain, or injection site reactions. Severe allergic reactions are rare but require immediate medical attention.
Directions
- The yellow fever vaccine is given as a single injection into the upper arm.
- You must receive the vaccine at least 10 days before travelling to a yellow fever-endemic area to allow time for immunity to develop.
- After vaccination, you will be provided with an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), which is valid 10 days after the vaccine is administered.
- Keep the ICVP with you during your travels, as some countries may require it for entry.
Ingredients
Active ingredients include live attenuated yellow fever virus (17D strain)
Inactive Ingredients include lactose, sorbitol, L-glutamate, and trace amounts of egg proteins.
Side Effects
Side effects include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle pain or fatigue
- Redness or swelling at the injection site
- Mild allergic reactions (such as rash or itching)
Rare but serious side effects include severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), neurological complications, or yellow fever vaccine-associated disease (YEL-AVD). If you experience difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or any other serious symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.
FAQs
1. How long does the yellow fever vaccine last?
The yellow fever vaccine typically provides lifelong protection after a single dose. In most cases, you will not need a booster.
2. Do I need the vaccine if I’m travelling to Africa or South America?
Yes, the yellow fever vaccine is recommended for travellers to regions where yellow fever is present. Some countries also require proof of vaccination for entry.
3. Is the yellow fever vaccine safe?
Yes, the vaccine is generally safe for most people. However, there are certain groups, such as those with weakened immune systems or severe allergies, who should not receive the vaccine.
4. What is the International Certificate of Vaccination?
After receiving the yellow fever vaccine, you will be given an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), commonly known as the “yellow card.” This is required for entry to certain countries.
5. Can I get the yellow fever vaccine if I’m pregnant?
Pregnant women are generally advised to avoid the yellow fever vaccine unless the risk of yellow fever exposure is high. Consult with your doctor for advice.
