Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection transmitted through the bite of an infected tick. The virus affects the central nervous system, leading to flu-like symptoms in the early stages and, in severe cases, causing encephalitis (brain inflammation), meningitis, or neurological complications. Unlike some other tick-borne illnesses, TBE is caused by a virus, meaning antibiotics are not effective, and prevention is key.

TBE is prevalent in many parts of Europe and Asia, particularly in rural and forested areas where ticks are abundant. Popular holiday destinations such as Austria, Germany, Switzerland, the Baltic States, and parts of Scandinavia have reported high numbers of cases. Travellers who enjoy hiking, camping, or outdoor activities in these regions are particularly at risk. Protecting yourself with appropriate clothing, insect repellents, and vaccination is essential if you plan to visit high-risk areas.

How to Safely Remove a Tick

If you’ve been bitten by a tick, prompt and proper removal is crucial to minimise the risk of infection. Follow these steps to safely remove a tick:

1. Use the Right Tools

Avoid using fingers, tweezers with sharp edges, or other makeshift tools that could squeeze the tick and increase the risk of infection. Instead, use fine-tipped tweezers or a dedicated tick removal tool, which can be purchased at pharmacies like Eltham Pharmacy.

2. Grasp the Tick Close to the Skin

Position the tweezers or tick removal tool as close to the skin’s surface as possible. The goal is to grab the tick’s head without squeezing the body, as this could push infectious material into the wound.

3. Pull the Tick Out Gently and Steadily

Using slow, steady pressure, pull the tick out in a straight motion without twisting or jerking. Twisting the tick may cause its mouthparts to break off and remain embedded in the skin, increasing the risk of infection.

4. Clean the Bite Area

Once the tick is removed, wash the bite site thoroughly with soap and water. Apply antiseptic or disinfectant to reduce the chance of infection.

5. Dispose of the Tick Properly

Do not crush or squish the tick with your fingers. Instead, place it in a sealed container or wrap it in tape before disposing of it. Some health professionals recommend keeping the tick in a sealed bag in case symptoms develop later, as it may help with diagnosis.

What to Do After Removing a Tick

Even after removing a tick, it’s important to monitor the bite area and your overall health. While many tick bites cause no problems, symptoms of tick-borne diseases can appear days or even weeks later.

Monitor for Symptoms of TBE

Symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis typically appear within 7-14 days after a bite and may include:

• • – Fever, fatigue, and muscle aches
  • – Headache and nausea
  • – Stiff neck or confusion (in more severe cases)
  • – Loss of coordination or difficulty speaking

If you develop any of these symptoms after a tick bite, seek medical attention immediately.

Be Aware of Other Tick-Borne Illnesses

Ticks can also carry other diseases, such as Lyme disease, which is common in the UK and Europe. A red, expanding rash resembling a bullseye can be an early sign of Lyme disease. If you experience any unusual symptoms, consult a healthcare provider.

Preventing Future Tick Bites

If you spend time in areas where ticks are common, take precautions:

• • – Wear long sleeves, trousers, and closed shoes
  • – Use insect repellent containing DEET or permethrin-treated clothing
  • – Avoid walking through tall grass and stick to paths
  • – Check yourself and your clothing for ticks after outdoor activities

The Importance of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine

While tick removal and prevention measures are essential, the most effective way to protect yourself against TBE is through vaccination. The tick-borne encephalitis vaccine provides long-term immunity and is recommended for travellers visiting high-risk areas, especially those engaging in outdoor activities.

At Eltham Pharmacy Travel Clinic, we offer expert advice and access to the tick-borne encephalitis vaccine for those planning travel to affected regions. The vaccine is administered in a series of doses, with long-lasting protection after completion. If you frequently travel to TBE-endemic areas, keeping your vaccinations up to date is vital.

Protection for Your Next Adventure

Tick bites are common, but knowing how to remove a tick safely and being aware of potential risks can help protect your health. If you’re travelling to an area where tick-borne encephalitis is a concern, vaccination is the best defence against serious illness.

Book your consultation at Eltham Pharmacy today or contact us to discuss the tick-borne encephalitis vaccine and ensure you’re protected before your next adventure.

This blog was written on behalf of Eltham Pharmacy by Pharmacy Mentor.