When planning an exciting trip abroad, few travellers consider the possibility of contracting diphtheria—a potentially life-threatening infection that is now rare in the UK, but still present in many parts of the world. At Eltham Pharmacy, we want to make sure your holiday memories are happy ones—not disrupted by illness.

In this post, we’ll walk you through the key symptoms of diphtheria, what to do if you think you’ve been exposed, and why getting your diphtheria shot before travelling could be the most important step in your travel preparation.

What is Diphtheria?

Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It primarily affects the nose and throat, but in more severe cases, it can damage the heart, nerves, and other organs. The bacteria spread through airborne droplets—such as from coughing or sneezing—or by direct contact with infected people or contaminated objects.

While it’s now extremely rare in the UK thanks to widespread childhood immunisation, diphtheria remains a real threat in many parts of the world, including Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, and parts of the Middle East.

Early Symptoms of Diphtheria to Watch For

The symptoms of diphtheria can resemble those of a bad cold or sore throat in the early stages, which can make it difficult to identify without medical testing. However, there are some distinct warning signs to be aware of, particularly if you’re travelling in a high-risk area:

• –> Sore throat that develops quickly and worsens over time

• –> Swollen glands in the neck

• –> Difficulty breathing or swallowing

• –> Thick grey or white coating at the back of the throat or tonsils

• –> Hoarseness or a barking cough

• –> Fever and chills

• –> General malaise or fatigue

In some cases, diphtheria can also cause skin infections, particularly in tropical climates, which appear as painful ulcers or blisters on exposed areas of the skin.

Complications of Diphtheria

Diphtheria is not just uncomfortable—it can be fatal if left untreated, especially in children or individuals with weakened immune systems. Complications may include:

• –> Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle)

• –> Breathing difficulties due to airway blockage

• –> Nerve damage

• –> Kidney failure

• –> Death, particularly without access to urgent care and diphtheria antitoxin

Because of the severity and speed at which diphtheria can worsen, it’s vital to seek emergency medical attention if you develop symptoms during or shortly after returning from a high-risk country.

Where Are You Most at Risk?

Regions with lower vaccination coverage and poor access to healthcare are where diphtheria remains most prevalent. High-risk destinations include:

• –> India and parts of South-East Asia

• –> Indonesia and the Philippines

• –> Sub-Saharan Africa

• –> Former Soviet states, such as Georgia and Ukraine

• –> Refugee camps or areas with disrupted health services

Even if you’re staying in tourist-friendly areas, exposure can happen unexpectedly, particularly through close contact in crowded spaces or poor hygiene conditions.

The Diphtheria Shot: Your Best Protection

The good news? Diphtheria is highly preventable with a simple and effective vaccine. In the UK, the diphtheria shot is part of the routine childhood immunisation schedule, but immunity can fade over time.

Adults may need a booster shot every 10 years, especially before travelling to areas where diphtheria is a risk. If it’s been more than a decade since your last tetanus/diphtheria/polio booster, or you’re unsure of your vaccination history, we strongly recommend booking an appointment with us before your trip.

At Eltham Pharmacy, we offer the combined Td/IPV vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria, and polio)—commonly recommended for international travellers. Our trained staff will assess your needs, provide the vaccine, and offer personalised travel health advice.

What to Do if You Suspect Diphtheria While Abroad

If you develop symptoms while travelling:

• –> Seek medical care immediately, particularly if you have a high fever or difficulty breathing

• –> Avoid contact with others and practise good hygiene

• –> Inform healthcare professionals of your recent travel history

• –> Upon return to the UK, consult your GP or visit a hospital if symptoms persist or worsen

Early detection and treatment with antibiotics and antitoxin can significantly reduce the risk of complications.

Travel Safe with Eltham Pharmacy

Diphtheria might be rare at home, but it hasn’t disappeared globally. Don’t take unnecessary risks with your health. A quick visit to Eltham Pharmacy for your diphtheria shot could be the difference between a smooth trip and a serious medical emergency.

Book your travel health consultation today and travel with confidence, knowing you’re protected.

This blog was written on behalf of Eltham Pharmacy by Pharmacy Mentor.